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Evidence for Chess
24 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.806
Type Contemporary rule description
Location 41°54'10.45"N, 12°29'46.38"E
Date 1512-01-01 - 1512-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Damiano 1512. First Italian treatise on "jochi deli partiti ala rabiosa." Published in Rome, in Italian and Spanish. Damiano himself was from Odemira, Portugal. Murray 1913: 787.
Confidence 100
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Damiano. 1512. Questo libro e da imparare giochare a scachi e de li partiti.
Id DLP.Evidence.2309
Type Contemporary text
Location 15 c France
Date 1475-01-01 - 1499-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content French manuscript from the late 15th century which describes Le jeu des échecs de la dame, with the modern moves for the queen and bishop. British Library MS. Add. 15820.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Source Anonymous. Le jeu des Esches de la Dame moralisé. British Library Ms. Add. 15820.
Id DLP.Evidence.2310
Type Contemporary text
Location 40°58'12.56"N, 5°39'49.06"W
Date 1497-01-01 - 1497-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez bu Luís Ramírez de Lucena, which contains the rules for the new version of Chess. Murray 1913: 782-786.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Lucena, L. Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez. Salamanca., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2311
Type Contemporary text
Location 50° 6'38.07"N, 8°41'1.53"E
Date 1536-01-01 - 1536-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Extract from Christian Egenolff's 1536 reprinting of Mennel's Schachzabel which provides updates rules for the modern game of Chess. Murray 1913: 810.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2312
Type Contemporary text
Location Philip II
Date 1561-01-01 - 1561-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Ruy López' Libro de la Invencion liberal y Arte del juego del Axedrez, discussing Chess strategy in great detail. Murray 1913: 813-818.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source López, R. 1561. Libro de la Invencion liberal y Arte del juego del Axedrez. Alcala: Casa de Andres de Angulo., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2313
Type Contemporary text
Location 40°51'6.44"N, 14°16'5.15"E
Date 1604-01-01 - 1604-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Dr. Alessandro Salvio's 1604 treatise Trattato dell Inventione et arte liberale del gioco di scacchi on Chess. Murraay 1913: 825.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Salvio, A. 1604. Trattato dell Inventione et arte liberale del gioco di scacchi. Napoli: Gio. Battista Sottile.
Id DLP.Evidence.2314
Type Contemporary text
Location 40°51'6.44"N, 14°16'5.15"E
Date 1634-01-01 - 1634-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Dr. Alessandro Salvio's 1634 treatise on Chess Il Putlino , altramente deito , il cavaliero errante del Salvio. Murray 1913: 825-826.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Salvio, A. 1634. Il Putlino , altramente deito , il cavaliero errante del Salvio. Napoli: Domenico Montenaro.
Id DLP.Evidence.2315
Type Contemporary text
Location 37°16'24.51"N, 14°47'37.28"E
Date 1617-01-01 - 1617-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Pietro Carrera's book Il Gioco degli Scacchi from 1617. Murray 1913: 827.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Clergy
Genders Male
Source Carrera, P. 1617. Il Gioco degli Scacci. Militello: Giovanni Rossi da Trento., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2316
Type Contemporary text
Location 51°29'54.44"N, 0° 7'35.38"W
Date 1623-01-01 - 1623-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Giacomo Greco's 1623 treatise The Booke of the ordinary games at Chestes, published during his trip to London. Bodleian Library MS. Add. A. 277.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Greco, G. 1623. The Booke of the ordinary games at Chestes. Bodleian Library MS. Add. A. 277., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2317
Type Contemporary text
Location 45° 4'13.37"N, 7°41'13.00"E
Date 1683-01-01 - 1683-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Fancesco Piacenza's 1683 Chess Treatise I Campeggiamenti degli Scacchi. Murray 1913: 837-838.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Piacenza, F. 1683. I Campeggiamenii degli Scacchi. Torino: Antonio Beltrandi.
Id DLP.Evidence.2318
Type Contemporary text
Location 46°31'6.22"N, 6°37'44.21"E
Date 1676-01-01 - 1678-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Chess treatise by B. Asperling de Raroyne from 1676-1678 from Lausanne Traité du jeu des échets. Murray 1913: 841-843.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Source Asperling de Raroyne, B. 1676-1678. Traité du jeu royal des échets. Lausanne: David Gentil., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2319
Type Contemporary text
Location 40°46'24.64"N, 73°58'16.83"W
Date 1734-12-11 - 1734-12-13
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Letter from Rev. Lewis Rou to the Craftsman, providing corrections to a Chess article "A Short Essay on the Game of Chess." Original manuscript held by Dr. George Henry Moore, lost since 1858. Fiske 1902: 43, Murray 1913: 846.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Clergy
Genders Male
Source Fiske, W. 1902. "The 'Craftsman' on Chess: L. Rou. Notes and Queries 9(10): 41-43., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2320
Type Contemporary text
Location 51°29'54.44"N, 0° 7'35.38"W
Date 1735-01-01 - 1735-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Capt. John Bertin's treatise The Noble Game of Chess published in London 1735. Murray 1913: 846-849.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite, Military
Genders Male
Source Bertin, J. 1735. The Noble Game of Chess. London: H. Woodfall., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2321
Type Contemporary text
Location 59°19'45.51"N, 18° 4'6.72"E
Date 1784-01-01 - 1784-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content C. W. von Königstedt's treatise on Chess: Kort Afthandling om schack-spel. Murray 1913: 854.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Königstedt, C. 1784. Kort Afhandling. Stockholm: Anders Joc. Nordström., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2322
Type Contemporary text
Location 51°29'54.44"N, 0° 7'35.38"W
Date 1777-01-01 - 1777-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Philidor's 1777 treatise on Chess: Analyse du jeu des échecs written during his time in London. Murray 1913: 863.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Philidor, A. 1777. Analyse du jeu des échcs. London: P. Elmsley.
Id DLP.Evidence.2323
Type Contemporary text
Location 51°29'54.44"N, 0° 7'35.38"W
Date 1788-01-01 - 1798-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Accounts of various games of Chess played by Philidor and Rev. George Atwood, including against women. Walker 1835; Murray 1913: 31.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Female, Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Walker, G. 1835. A Selection of Games at Chess Actually Played by Philidor and his Contemporaries. London: Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper.
Id DLP.Evidence.2324
Type Contemporary text
Location 44°38'49.84"N, 10°55'30.54"E
Date 1750-01-01 - 1750-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Ercole del Rio's treatise on Chess: Sopra il giuoco degli scacchi from 1750. Murray 1913: 686.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Del Rio, E. 1750. Sopra it giuoco degli Scacchi. Modena: Francesco Torri., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2325
Type Contemporary text
Location 44°29'40.44"N, 11°20'33.18"E
Date 1763-01-01 - 1763-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Lolli's treatise on Chess: Osservationi teorico-pratiche sopra il giuoco degli scacchi from 1763. Murray 1913: 868-869.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Lolli, G. 1763. Osservationi teorico-pratiche sopra il giuoco degli scacchi. Bologna: Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2326
Type Contemporary text
Location 48°51'15.96"N, 2°20'54.79"E
Date 1775-01-01 - 1775-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Treaty on Chess by Verdoni, Léger, Carlier and Bernard, Chess masters of eighteenth century Paris. Murray 1913: 872.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
, Verdoni, Léger, Carlier and Bernard. 1775. Traité théorique et pratique du jeu des éches, par une société des amateurs. Paris: Stoupe.
Id DLP.Evidence.2327
Type Contemporary rule description
Location 48°12'29.41"N, 16°22'23.22"E
Date 1795-01-01 - 1795-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Johann Allgaier's treatise on Chess: Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel from 1795. Murray 1913: 875-876.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite, Military
Genders Male
Source Allgaier, J. Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiele. Vienna: Franz Joseph Rötzl., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2328
Type Contemporary text
Location 51°29'54.44"N, 0° 7'35.38"W
Date 1822-01-01 - 1822-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content William Lewis' A Treatise on Chess, published in London. Murray 1913: 878.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Lewis, W. 1822. A Treatise on the Game of Chess. London: J. M. Richardson., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2329
Type Contemporary text
Location France
Date 1836-01-01 - 1847-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content La Palamède, French Chess periodical published from 1836-1847. Murray 1913: 883.
Confidence 100
Social status All
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2330
Type Contemporary text
Location England
Date 1841-01-01 - 1862-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Chess Player's Chronicle, Chess magazine published in the UK 1841-1862. Murray 1913: 883.
Confidence 100
Social status All
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2331
Type Contemporary text
Location Germany 1850
Date 1846-01-01 - 2022-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content Deutche Schachzeitung, German Chess journal, first published in 1846, still published as Schach. Murray 1913: 883.
Confidence 100
Ages All
Social status All
Genders All
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
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