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Evidence in 15 c France
4 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.813
Type Contemporary text
Game English Draughts
Date 1534-01-01 - 1534-12-31
Rules Name of the game.
Content "CHAPITRE XXII
Les jeux de Gargantua.
Puis marmottant, tout alourdi, une bribe de prière, il se lavait les mains de vin frais, se curait les dents avec un pied de porc et devisait joyeusement avec ses gens. Ensuite, le tapis vert étendu, on étalait force cartes, force dés, force tablettes et alors il jouait...au forcé..." Rabelais 1534.
Confidence 100
Genders Male
Source Rabelais, F. 1534. Gargantua. , Rabelais, F. 1534. Gargantua.
Id DLP.Evidence.2029
Type Contemporary text
Game Short Assize
Date 1496-01-01 - 1498-12-31
Rules 8x8 board. The pieces move as follows, with the number per player: 1 x King (king): moves one space orthogonally or diagonally. 1 x Queen: One square diagonally. 2 x Rook: Any number of spaces orthogonally. 2 x Fil (elephant): Two squares diagonally, jumping over the first. Cannot capture another Fil. 2 x Knight: Moves as a chess knight. 8 x Pawn: Moves one space forward orthogonally; one space forward diagonally to capture. No en passant. Promoted to Queen when reaching the eighth rank. The pieces begin in the following position: Fils on the and sixth spaces of the first row, King on the fifth space of the first row, Rooks on the third and sixth spaces of the second row, Knights on the fourth and fifth spaces of the second row, Pawms on the third row, the Queen sharing a space with the Pawn in the fifth space. Kings are on the same column. The only time two pieces can be on the same space is in this initial arrangement. No castling. An opponent's piece is captured by moving a player's own piece onto a space occupied by the opponent's piece. When a King can be captured on the next turn by an opponent's piece, it is in check. The King must not be in check at the end of the player's turn. If this is not possible, it is checkmate and the opponent wins. Stalemate results in a win for that player causing it. Capturing all of an opponent's pieces except the King also results in a win.
Content Metaphorical discussion of Chess and diagram of the Short Assize in MS BnF Français 143, f. 355; Murray 1913: 476-478.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source de Conty, Evrart. 1496-1498. Livre des écgecs amoureux moralisés. Manuscript Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Français 143., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2309
Type Contemporary text
Game Chess
Date 1475-01-01 - 1499-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Players capture pieces by moving onto a space occupied by an opponent's piece. Player wins when they capture the other player's king.
Content French manuscript from the late 15th century which describes Le jeu des échecs de la dame, with the modern moves for the queen and bishop. British Library MS. Add. 15820.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Source Anonymous. Le jeu des Esches de la Dame moralisé. British Library Ms. Add. 15820.
Id DLP.Evidence.2337
Type Contemporary text
Game Medieval Chess
Date 1200-01-01 - 1299-12-31
Rules 8x8 board. The pieces move as follows, with the number per player: 1 x King (king): moves one space orthogonally or diagonally. 1 x Queen (counselor): One square diagonally. 2 x Rook (rook): Any number of spaces orthogonally. 2 x Fil (elephant): Two squares diagonally, jumping over the first. Cannot capture another Fil. 2 x Knight: Moves as a chess knight. 8 x Pawn: Moves one space forward orthogonally; one space forward diagonally to capture. No en passant. Promoted to Fers when reaching the eighth rank. No castling. An opponent's piece is captured by moving a player's own piece onto a space occupied by the opponent's piece. When a Shah can be captured on the next turn by an opponent's piece, it is in check. The Shah must not be in check at the end of the player's turn. If this is not possible, it is checkmate and the opponent wins. Stalemate results in a win for that player causing it.
Content French manuscript describing the rules of Chess, several copies of the manuscript, including one reported from Deventer Library in Holland by Hyde. Murray 1913: 505-506.
Confidence 100
Source Hyde, Thomas. 1694. Mandragorias, seu Historia shahiludii, De ludis Orientalium libri primi pars prima, quæ est Latina., Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
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