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Evidence in Ancient Egypt
49 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.19
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules Board with three rows.
Content Senet game board in Brooklyn Museum 36.2.
Pusch 1979: 191;
Piccione 1990: 396-397.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite, Elite
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.20
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Marked Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26–29.
Content Senet game board in University College London UC8.533.
Needler 1953: 73;
Needler 1983: 118;
Pusch 1979: 180;
Piccione 1990: 397;
Petrie 1927: 53, pl. 47.
Confidence 100
Source Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Needler, W. 1983. 'Review of Das Senet-Brettspiel im alten Ägypten.' Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 20: 115–118., Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Petrie, W.M.F. 1927. Objects of Daily Use. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.
Id DLP.Evidence.21
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 1479-01-01BCE - 1458-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26–29.
Content Senet gaming board in Louvre AF 6.797 bearing the name of Pharaoh Hatshepsut.
Devéria 1897: 86;
Kendall 1979: 25, fig. 19;
Needler 1953: 73;
Pusch 1979: 206-207;
Piccione 1990: 401-402;
Pierret 1878: 82.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Genders Female
Source Deveria, T. 1897. Les jeux de dames en Égypte. In G. Maspero (ed.), Mémoires et Fragments II. Bibliothèque Égyptologique 5. Paris, 83–96.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Kendall, T. 1978. Passing through the Netherworld: The Meaning and Play of Senet, an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Game. Belmont, MA: Kirk Game Company.
, Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Pierret, P. 1878. Recueil d’inscriptions inédites du Musée égyptien du Louvre. Études égyptologues 8. Paris: F. Vieweg.
Id DLP.Evidence.23
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet game board in University of Missouri MAA 79.169.
Piccione 1990: 400.
Confidence 100
Id DLP.Evidence.27
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 1476-01-01BCE - 1400-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-29.
Content Senet game of Sennefer. Berlin Museum 10756.
Kendall 1979: 25, fig 19h;
Needler 1953: 73;
Pusch 1979: 261-264;
Pieper 1909: 7, fig. 5;
Piccione 1990: 406-407.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Pieper, M. 1909. Das Brettspiel der alten Ägypter. Berlin: Weidmännische Buchhandlung.
, Kendall, T. 1978. Passing through the Netherworld: The Meaning and Play of Senet, an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Game. Belmont, MA: Kirk Game Company.
, Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
Id DLP.Evidence.28
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet board of Tuthmosis son of Ru.
Cairo Museum CGC 68004\JdE 28.427.
Piccione 1984: 175;
Piccione 1990: 407-408.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Piccione, P. 1984. 'Review of Das Senet-Brettpiel im alten Ägypten.' Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 70: 172–180., Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.30
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 1479-01-01BCE - 1425-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26–29.
Content Senet game board of Baky.
Leiden Museum AM34a.
Leemens 1846–1850: pl. 244;
Piccione 1984: 176;
Piccione 1990: 409-410;
Nash 1902: pl. 2;
Needler 1953: 74;
Pusch 1979:265-267;
Tait 1985: 33, 47.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Leemans, C. 1846–1850. Monuments égyptiens du Musée d’antiquités des Pays-Bas à Leide, Tome II. Leiden: Brill.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Piccione, P. 1984. 'Review of Das Senet-Brettpiel im alten Ägypten.' Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 70: 172–180., Nash, W. 1902. Ancient Egyptian draughts-boards and draughts-men. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 24(December): 341–348.
, Tait, W. 1982. Game-boxes and Accessories from the Tomb of Tutankhamun. Oxford: Griffiths Institute.
, Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
Id DLP.Evidence.38
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet game board of Ptahmay with unknown provenience.
Wiesbaden SNA 2.308.
Piccione 1990: 415-416;
Pusch 1979: 281-284;
Wiedemann 1897: 43.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Wiedemann, A. 1897. Das Brettspiel bei den Alten Ägyptern. In Actes du Dixième Congrès Internationale des Orientalistes, 1894. Leiden: Brill, 35–61.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.41
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1191-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet board inscribed with the name of Teya Teya.
Metropolitan Museum of Art MMA 12.182.72.
Piccione 1990: 418-419;
Decker 1987: 135;
Hayes 1959: 198-199;
Pusch 1979: 274-278.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Decker, W. 1987. Sport und Spiel im alten Ägypten. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck.
, Hayes, W.C. 1959. The Scepter of Egypt. Volume 2. New York.
Id DLP.Evidence.42
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1191-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet game board in Egyptian Museum Cairo CGC 68.007.
Piccione 1990: 419;
Pusch 1979: 286.
Confidence 100
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.43
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1539-01-01BCE - 1191-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet game board with unknown provenience in British Museum.
BM 66669.
Piccione 419-420;
Pusch 1979: 287-288.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.44
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Simple Senet
Date 1319-01-01BCE - 1279-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board.
Content Senet game board of Neferhotep. Unknown provenience and unknown location.
Piccione 1990: 420;
Pusch 1979: 74, 295-296;
Bruyère 1930: 158;
Wild 1979: pl. 33.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Wild, H. 1979. La tombe de Nefer-hotep (I) et Neb-nefer à Deir el-Medina (No. 6). Mémoires publiées par les membres de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 103. Cairo: Institue Français de l’Archéologie Orientale.
, Bruyère, B. 1930. Mert-Seger à Deir el Medineh. Cairo: Imprimerie de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.46
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 1292-01-01BCE - 1191-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 squares, markings in squares 26-30
Content Senet game board in Royal Ontario Museum. Unknown provenience.
ROM 922.17.
Has Horus in square 30
Kendall 1979: 26, fig. 20;
MacGregor 1922: no. 1331;
Needler 1953: 60-75;
Picione 1990: 422;
Pusch 1979: 292-294;
Wallis 1898: 8-9.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Kendall, T. 1978. Passing through the Netherworld: The Meaning and Play of Senet, an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Game. Belmont, MA: Kirk Game Company.
, MacGregor, W. 1922. Catalogue of the MacGregor Collection of Egyptian Antiquities. Sotheby Sale Catalog 1922. London: Dryden Press., Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Wallis, H. 1898. Egyptian Ceramic Art: The MacGregor Collection. London: Taylor & Francis.
Id DLP.Evidence.47
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 0980-01-01BCE - 0838-01-01BCE
Rules Markings in squares 27-30.
Content Senet game board in Arizona State Museum.
ASM 12496. Only parts of last four squares remain.
Romano et al. 2018.
Confidence 100
Source Romano, I, W. Tait, C. Bisulca, P. Creasman, G. Hodgins, and T. Wazny. 2018. An Ancient Egyptian senet board in the Arizona State Museum. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 145(1): 71–85.
Id DLP.Evidence.48
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Early New Kingdom Senet
Date 1279-01-01BCE - 1213-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board of Imenmes, Louvre 1605. Unknown provenience.
Piccione 1990: 424-426;
Needler 1953: 74;
Pusch 1979:64-66, 208-13;
Deveria 1897: 88-90;
Pierret 1878: 81-82.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Pierret, P. 1878. Recueil d’inscriptions inédites du Musée égyptien du Louvre. Études égyptologues 8. Paris: F. Vieweg.
, Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
, Deveria, T. 1897. Les jeux de dames en Égypte. In G. Maspero (ed.), Mémoires et Fragments II. Bibliothèque Égyptologique 5. Paris, 83–96.
Id DLP.Evidence.49
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Date 1292-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 27-30.
Content Senet game board in Wiesbaden Museum
D.S. 30. Unknown provenience. Square 26 is lost.
Piccione 1990: 426;
Gessler-Löhr et al. 1978: 112.
Confidence 100
Social status Elite
Source Gessler-Löhr, B. Et al. 1978. Meisterwerke altägyptischer Keramik: 5000 Jahre Kunst und Kunsthandwerk aus Ton und Fayence. Höhr-Grenzhausen: Keramikmuseum Westerwald.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.50
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Late New Kingdom Senet
Date 1292-01-01BCE - 1191-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board in British Museum.
BM 102369. Unknown provenience.
Piccione 1990: 427;
Needler 1953: 74;
Pusch 1979: 309-310.
Confidence 100
Source Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.51
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Late New Kingdom Senet
Date 1292-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board of Nesyamenemopet, likely from the burial of the priest of the same name at Deir el-Bahari.
Walters Art Museum.
WAG 48.408.
de Meulenaere 1981: 90;
Piccione 1990: 427-428;
MacGregor 1922: 36;
Pusch 1979: 322-323.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source de Meulenaere, H. 'Review of Das Senet-Brettspiel im alten Ägypten.' Chronique d'Égypte 56: 89-90., MacGregor, W. 1922. Catalogue of the MacGregor Collection of Egyptian Antiquities. Sotheby Sale Catalog 1922. London: Dryden Press., Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.52
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Late New Kingdom Senet
Date 1190-01-01BCE - 0525-01-01BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board in Yale University
New Haven Art Gallery. Unknown provenience.
Piccione 1990: 429;
Pusch 1979: 311-312;
Schott 1986: 108-109.
Confidence 100
Source Schott, G. 1986. Ancient Egyptian Art at Yale. New Haven: Yale University Arts Gallery.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.58
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Ruleset Late New Kingdom Senet
Date 1190-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules Board with 3 rows, markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board in the Egyptian Museum Cairo.
CGC 88.007. (DLP.Evidence.59 on opposite face). Unknown provenience.
Piccione 1990: 434;
Pusch 1979: 344-346.
Confidence 100
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.59
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Date 1190-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules Board with three rows, Markings in squares 26-30.
Content Senet game board in Cairo Museum
CGC88.007. Unprovenienced.
DLP.Evidence.58 on opposite face.
Piccione 1990: 434-435;
Pusch 1979: 346-348.
Confidence 100
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.94
Type Contemporary text
Game Senet
Date 2118-01-01BCE - 1760-01-01BCE
Rules Players can move off the board.
Content Text from Coffin Text 1019 on Papyrus Gardiner 2 (pBM10676):
"To pass through the necropolis. O Anubis who is on his mountain, establish you claim to the two wash basins...bow...when you shall be removed from the Senet board, and you take possession of the Mehen board together with ... the Mound Dweller."
Piccione 1990:86-88;
deBuck 1961: 240.
Confidence 100
Source de Buck, A. 1961. The Egyptian Coffin Texts. Oriental Institute Publications 87. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.96
Type Contemporary text
Game Senet
Date 1187-01-01BCE - 1157-01-01BCE
Rules Seven playing pieces, players can block others from moving by being in front of them, moving forward is good, players can pass each other, water space is bad, moving past space 30 is the goal, there is a spot in which a player can become trapped, there is a space which is beneficial, may move more than one piece per turn.
Content Great Game Text from Papyrus Cairo JdE 58037
"...the Lord of Justification, to the Thirty, to Horus, Anubis, Thoth, Shu, Ma'at, to the Crew of the Great Ones of the Good House, to Heka, Hu, and Siaj, [so that they might permit] me to enter the Council Chamber of the Thirty, I will become the thirty-first. {I will approach Mehen and I will take away his draughtsmen from him. I will take away his draughtsmen from him. I will stop according to my predilection, [and I will take my place in the House of Thoth] I will fight the god with him, [while seeing] Neith with her arms upon the Abydos reliquary. I will open the Good House that contains Ma'at, so that I will conduct the god to the Thirty. I will fasten the djed pillar to the ti.t amulet while seeing Wadjet in her manifestations beside the House of Mut. My heart is shrewd, it is not forgetful. My heart is clever in determining his play against me, I will bring his draughtsmen to him. His fingers are confused, and his heart has removed itself from its place, so that he does not know his response. My name has been perpetuated in the house of Orion, that I may live forever and eternity. I will pass by as one who sails with the breeze together with the Sun Disk to the House of Repeating Life, while my opponent is stopped in the House of the Netting, which humbles him (or holds him back) by means of the meshes. I will convey my response to Tn.t-Mhn, with the result that I keep him from the good house. I shall lift up my three draughtsmen, while finding two draughtsmen. My opponent is behind me, I shall convey my draughtsmen to the place which I desire. I am guided in passing, being made wise in the Hosue of...so that I know their names-for the scribe who has become possessed of understanding is not ignorant. After Mehen instructed me, he gave bread in the House of Bread and cool water in the House of Libation. I will establish my draughtsmen in the Good House. I take possession of the rear or the Good House. My seven draughtsmen are before my fingers, like the jackals hauling the bark. I will seize his draughtsmen, and I will throw him into the water, that he might drown together with his draughtsmen. You are justified, so Mehen will say to me, while my heart..."
Piccione 1990: 96-154;
Wiedemann 1897: 50;
Pieper 1931: 20-22;
Piankoff and Jacquet-Gordon 1961: 258-261;
Kendall 1978: 56.
Confidence 100
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Kendall, T. 1978. Passing through the Netherworld: The Meaning and Play of Senet, an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Game. Belmont, MA: Kirk Game Company.
, Wiedemann, A. 1897. Das Brettspiel bei den Alten Ägyptern. In Actes du Dixième Congrès Internationale des Orientalistes, 1894. Leiden: Brill, 35–61.
, Pieper, M. 1931. Ein text über das ägyptisches Brettspiel. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 66: 16–33.
, Piankoff, A. And H. Jacquet-Gordon. 1972. The Wandering of the Soul. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.98
Type Contemporary text
Game Senet
Date 1190-01-01BCE - 1077-01-01BCE
Rules Seven playing pieces, players can block others from moving by being in front of them, moving forward is good, players can pass each other, water space is bad, moving past space 30 is the goal, there is a spot in which a player can become trapped, there is a space which is beneficial, may move more than one piece per turn.
Content Great Game Text from Papyrus Turin 1.775.
"An offering which the king gives to Ra, Atum, Wennefer, the Lord of Justification, to the Thirty, to Horus, Anubis, Thoth, Shu, Ma'at, to the Crew of the Great Ones of the Good House, to Heka, Hu, and Siaj, [so that they might permit] me to enter the Council Chamber of the Thirty, I will become a god, making 31. I will approach Mehen and I will lift up the draughtsmen. I will stop according to my predilection, [and I will take my place in the House of Thoth] I will fight as a god with him, [while seeing] Neith with her arms upon the Abydos reliquary. I will open the Good House that contains Ma'at, so that thre god will condust me to the House of the Thirty Gods. I will fasten the djed pillar to the ti.t amulet while seeing Wadjet in her manifestations beside the House of Mut. My heart is shrewd, it is not forgetful. My heart is clever in determining his play against me, his draughtsmen will turn back to him. His fingers are confused, and his heart has removed itself from its place, so that he does not know his response. My name has been perpetuated in the house of Orion, that I may live forever and eternity. I will pass by as one who sails with the breeze together with the Sun Disk to the House of Repeating Life, while my opponent is stopped i nthe House of the Netting, which humbles him (or holds him back) by means of the meshes. I will convey my response to Tn.t-Mhn, with the result that I keep him from the good house. I shall lift up my three draughtsmen, while finding two draughtsmen. My opponent is behind me, I shall convey my draughtsmen to the place which I desire. I am guided in passing, being made wise in the House of...so that I know their names-for the scribe who has become possessed of understanding is not ignorant. After Mehen instructed me, he gave bread in the House of Bread and cool water in the House of Libation. I will establish my draughtsmen in the Good House. I take possession of the rear or the Good House. My seven draughtsmen are sailing with the breeze before my fingers, like the jackals hauling the bark. I will remove my...from the House of[Water..] opponent...will approach my opponent, and will throw..., that he might drown together with his draughtsmen. You are justified, so Mehen will say to me, while my heart..."
Piccione 1990: 101-154;
Seyffarth 1833: 200;
Maspero 1897: 94;
Wiedemann 1896: 1;
Piankfoff and Jacquet Gordon 1972: plate 46.
Confidence 100
Source Piankoff, A. And H. Jacquet-Gordon. 1972. The Wandering of the Soul. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Maspero, G. 1897. Les jeux de dames en Égypte. Bibliotèque Égyptologique 5: 83–96.
, Seyffarth, G. 1833. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Literatur, Kunst,
Mythologie und Geschichte des Alten Ägypten. Volume III. Laipzig: J.A. Barth.
, Wiedemann, A. 1897. Das Brettspiel bei den Alten Ägyptern. In Actes du Dixième Congrès Internationale des Orientalistes, 1894. Leiden: Brill, 35–61.
Id DLP.Evidence.121
Type Artistic depiction
Game Senet
Date 1279-01-01BCE - 1213-12-31BCE
Rules Astragali used as dice, two players.
Content Senet playing scene from game box of Imenmes (Louvre 1605).
Imenmes playing Aenet against an opponent.
Piccione 1990:275-276.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite, Non-Elite
Genders Male
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.466
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1300-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from a tomb in Egypt. Leemans 1846-1850: pl. CXLIV (273a-c).
Confidence 100
Source Leemans, C. 1846–1850. Monuments égyptiens du Musée d’antiquités des Pays-Bas à Leide, Tome II. Leiden: Brill.
Id DLP.Evidence.467
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1300-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Needler 1953: 65, 74.
Confidence 100
Source Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
Id DLP.Evidence.480
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1400-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Needler 1953: 65 (no. 7), 74.
Confidence 100
Source Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
Id DLP.Evidence.481
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Marked 20 Squares
Date 1300-01-01BCE - 1201-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row, markings in squares 4(x2), 8 , 12, and 16.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board Egypt. Pierret 1878: 81-82.
Confidence 100
Source Pierret, P. 1878. Recueil d’inscriptions inédites du Musée égyptien du Louvre. Études égyptologues 8. Paris: F. Vieweg.
Id DLP.Evidence.483
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1600-01-01BCE - 1001-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board Egypt. Kendall 1991: 149.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T, 1991. Le jeu des <>. In R. May (ed.) Jouer dans l’antiquité. Marseilles: Musées de Marseilles, 148–152.
Id DLP.Evidence.492
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Marked 20 Squares
Date 1600-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row, markings in squares 8, 12, 16.
Content 20 Squares game board from a tomb in Egypt. Wiedemann 1897: 43.
Confidence 100
Source Wiedemann, A. 1897. Das Brettspiel bei den Alten Ägyptern. In Actes du Dixième Congrès Internationale des Orientalistes, 1894. Leiden: Brill, 35–61.
Id DLP.Evidence.493
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Marked 20 Squares
Date 1600-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row, square 16 marked.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Refat 1972: no. 7.
Confidence 100
Source Refat, W. 1972. Le jeu de trente cases dans l’Égypte ancienne. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Université libre, Brussels, Belgium.
Id DLP.Evidence.500
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1700-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board Egypt. Prisse d’Avennes 1847: 9, pl. XLIX (4).
Confidence 100
Source Prisse-d’Avennes, É. 1847. Monument égyptiens, bas-reliefs, peintures, inscriptions, etc. Paris: Didot frères.
Id DLP.Evidence.501
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1700-01-01BCE - 1101-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Hoerth 1961: 24, no. 12.
Confidence 100
Source Hoerth, A. 1961. Gameboards in the Ancient Near East. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Chicago.
Id DLP.Evidence.502
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1600-01-01BCE - 1201-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Falkener 1892: 28-32.
Confidence 100
Source Falkener, E. 1892. Games Ancient and Oriental and How to Play Them. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
Id DLP.Evidence.503
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Simple 20 Squares
Date 1500-01-01BCE - 1301-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row.
Content 20 Squares game board from a tomb in Egypt. Hayes 1959: 198-199.
Confidence 100
Source Hayes, W.C. 1959. The Scepter of Egypt. Volume 2. New York.
Id DLP.Evidence.509
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Marked 20 Squares
Date 1500-01-01BCE - 1401-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row, markings in squares 8, 12, 16.
Content 20 Squares game board from a tomb in Egypt. Maspero 1897: 86.
Confidence 100
Source Maspero, G. 1897. Les jeux de dames en Égypte. Bibliotèque Égyptologique 5: 83–96.
Id DLP.Evidence.513
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Marked 20 Squares
Date 1600-01-01BCE - 1401-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row, markings in squares 8, 12.
Content Unprovenienced 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Pieper 1909: 4, fig. 5(b).
Confidence 100
Source Pieper, M. 1909. Das Brettspiel der alten Ägypter. Berlin: Weidmännische Buchhandlung.
Id DLP.Evidence.518
Type Artifact
Game 20 Squares
Ruleset Double 20 Squares
Date 1700-01-01BCE - 1501-12-31BCE
Rules 3x4 board with 8 square extension of central row doubled and connected at the ends of the central row, markings in squares 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.
Content Double 20 Squares game board from Egypt. Refat 1972.
Confidence 100
Source Refat, W. 1972. Le jeu de trente cases dans l’Égypte ancienne. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Université libre, Brussels, Belgium.
Id DLP.Evidence.575
Type Artifact
Game 58 Holes
Ruleset Labyrinth
Date 0500-01-01BCE - 0301-12-31BCE
Rules 59 spaces arranged in an arc around two parallel lines of spaces.
Content Unprovenienced 58 Holes game board from Egypt. Petrie and Brunton 1924: 7, pl. XXII, 25.
Confidence 100
Source Petrie, W. and G. Brunton. 1924 Sedment I. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.
Id DLP.Evidence.576
Type Artifact
Game 58 Holes
Ruleset Labyrinth
Date 1300-01-01BCE - 1201-12-31BCE
Rules 60 spaces arranged in an arc around two parallel lines of spaces, spaces 4, 6, 10 marked.
Content Unprovenienced 58 Holes game board from Egypt. Petrie and Brunton 1924: 8, pl. XXII, 13; Gadd 1934: 46; Drioton 1940: 179ff; Decker and Herb 1994: 683ff.
Confidence 100
Source Petrie, W. and G. Brunton. 1924 Sedment I. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt., Gadd, C. 1934. 'An Egyptian Game in Assyria.' Iraq 1: 45–50., Drioton, E. 1940. 'Un ancien jeu copte.' Bulletin de la société d'archéologia copte 6, Decker, W. and M. Herb. 1994. Bildatlas zum Sport im Alten Ägypten Corpus der Bildlichen Quellen zu Liebesübungen, Spiel, Jagd, Tanz, und Verwandten Themen. Leiden: Brill.
Id DLP.Evidence.577
Type Artifact
Game 58 Holes
Ruleset Parallel Connections
Date 2200-01-01BCE - 1901-12-31BCE
Rules 59 spaces arranged in an arc around two parallel lines of spaces, spaces 6 and 20, 8 and 10 connected, 15, 25, 30 marked.
Content Unprovenienced 58 Holes game board from Egypt. Petrie & Brunton 1924: 8, pl. XXII, 12; Gadd 1934: 46; Drioton 1940: 179ff; Ellis 1966: 193;
Decker and Herb 1994: 685.
Confidence 100
Source Ellis, R. and B. Buchanan. 1966. 'An Old Babylonian Game Board with Sculptured Decoration.' Journal of Near Eastern Studies 25(3): 192–201., Petrie, W. and G. Brunton. 1924 Sedment I. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt., Gadd, C. 1934. 'An Egyptian Game in Assyria.' Iraq 1: 45–50., Drioton, E. 1940. 'Un ancien jeu copte.' Bulletin de la société d'archéologia copte 6
Id DLP.Evidence.857
Type Artifact
Game Mehen
Date 3100-01-01BCE - 2181-12-31BCE
Rules Spiral board.
Content Unprovenienced mehen board now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo JE 27354. Ranke 1920: 7; Petrie and Quibell 1896: 42; Kendall 2007: 36.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T. 2007. 'Mehen.' In I. Finkel (ed), Ancient Board Games in Perspective. London: British Museum Press, p. 33–45., Petrie, W. and J. Quibell. 1896. Naqada and Ballas. London: Bernard Quaritch. , Ranke, H. 1920. Das altägyptische Schlangenspiel. Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung.
Id DLP.Evidence.859
Type Artifact
Game Mehen
Date 3100-01-01BCE - 2181-12-31BCE
Rules Spiral board.
Content Unprovenienced mehen game board from Egypt. Petrie claims it is of prehistoric date. Now in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology 19602. Petrie 1914: 25, pl. 47; Kendall 2007: 36.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T. 2007. 'Mehen.' In I. Finkel (ed), Ancient Board Games in Perspective. London: British Museum Press, p. 33–45., Petrie, W. 1914. Amulets. London: Constable and Co. Ltd.
Id DLP.Evidence.860
Type Artifact
Game Mehen
Date 3100-01-01BCE - 2181-12-31BCE
Rules Spiral board.
Content Unprovenienced mehen board from Egypt. now in the Oriental Institute Museum, Chicago. 16950. Piccione 1990a: 46-7.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T. 2007. 'Mehen.' In I. Finkel (ed), Ancient Board Games in Perspective. London: British Museum Press, p. 33–45., Piccione, P. 1990a. 'Mehen, Mysteries, and Resurrection rom the Coiled Serpent. ' Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27: 43–52.
Id DLP.Evidence.861
Type Artifact
Game Mehen
Date 3100-01-01BCE - 2181-12-31BCE
Rules Spiral board.
Content Unprovenienced mehen board from Egypt. In the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. (e.g.A. 4464.1943). Kendall 2007: fig. 4.15.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T. 2007. 'Mehen.' In I. Finkel (ed), Ancient Board Games in Perspective. London: British Museum Press, p. 33–45.
Id DLP.Evidence.910
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Date 1549-01-01BCE - 1242-12-31BCE
Rules 3x10 board, square 26 marked.
Content Senet game board un unknown provenience, in the British Museum BM 21577. 3x10 squares, faience inlays not all preserved. squares 27-30 are gone. Square 26 is marked. Piccione 1990: 399-400; Needler 1953: 74; Piccione 1984: 176; Pusch 1979: 257-258.
Confidence 100
Source Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Piccione, P. 1984. 'Review of Das Senet-Brettpiel im alten Ägypten.' Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 70: 172–180., Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.912
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Date 1479-01-01BCE - 1458-12-31BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 26-29.
Content Senet game board with name of Hormose, now in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge. Elaborated markings in squares 26-29. Piccione 1990: 404; Kendall 1978: 25, fig. 19g; Piccione 1984: 176; Pusch 1979: 220-222.
Confidence 100
Source Kendall, T. 1978. Passing through the Netherworld: The Meaning and Play of Senet, an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Game. Belmont, MA: Kirk Game Company.
, Needler, W. 1953. A thirty-square draught board in the Royal Ontario Museum. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 39: 60–75.
, Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
Id DLP.Evidence.916
Type Artifact
Game Senet
Date 1292-01-01BCE - 1077-12-31BCE
Rules 3x10 board, markings in squares 6, 15, 26, 30.
Content Senet board of unknown provenience. Egyptian Museum Cairo JdE 88006. Hieroglyphs in squares 6, 15, 26, 30. Other spaces are eroded. Piccione 1990: 428; Pusch 1979: 352-353.
Confidence 100
Source Piccione, P. 1990. The Historical Development of the Game of Senet and its significance for Egyptian Religion. Unpublished Phd Thesis, University of Chicago.
, Pusch, E. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Deutsche Kunstverlag.
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