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Evidence in Deccan
6 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.827
Type Contemporary rule description
Game Pachisi
Date 1832-01-01 - 1832-12-31
Rules Size and shape of board, number of dice and throws, direction of play, turns last uintil rolling 2, 3, or 4, track, pieces are moved to the beginning when an opponent lands on the same space, marked spots allow a player to be safe from moving back, players must roll exactly to move off the board
Content "Pucheesee—This game is the most popular and celebrated in India (next to chess) It is thus played; the board consists of four rectangles, with their narrow sides so placed as to form a square in the centre (as shewn in plate vii. fig. 2.) Each rectangle is divided into twenty-four small squares, consisting of three rows of eight squares each. It is usually played by four persons, each of whom is furnished with four ivory or wooden cones (called got or gottee) of a peculiar color for distinction, and takes his station opposite one of the rectangles. His pieces (or gotee) start one by one from the middle row of his own rectangle. beginning at the division next to the large central space. They thence proceed all round the outside rows of the board, passing, of course, through those of the adversaries' rectangles, traveling from right to left (I.e. contrary to the sun) until they get back to the central row from which they started. Any piece is liable, however, to be taken up and thrown back to the beginning, as in backgammon, by any of the adversaries' pieces happening to fall upon its square; except in the case of the twelve privileged squares, which are marked with a cross (see plate); in that case the overtaking piece cannot move from its position. Their motion is determined by throwing of six or seven cowries (I.e. shells) as dice, which count according as the apertures fall uppermost or not; one aperture up, counts 10; two, 2; three, 3; four, 4; five, 25; six, 30; seven, 12; and if none be turned up, it counts 6. A throw of 25 or 30 gives an additional move of 1. At the last step the throw must account exactly to one more than the number of squares ledt to enable the piece to go into the central space; that is, as we would say, off the board. If it happen to stop on the last square, therefore, it cannot get off until you throw a 25 or 30. The players throw in turns, and each goes on until he throws a 2, 3, or 4, when he loses the lead. If the same number be thrown thrice successively, it does not count. The game is generally played with six cowries, making the highest throw 25 (the six apertures up then counting 12), hence it is termed pucheesee (from puchees, 25); and the board is used as a carpet, ornamented and marked with different colours of cloth sewed on it. It is sometimes played by two persons, each taking the two opposite rectangles with eight pieces, and playing them all from the rectangle next to him: the game continues till three of the players get out. They never play for money." (Herklots 1832: lviii–lix).
Confidence 100
Source Herklots, G. 1832. Qanoon-e-Islam, or the Customs of the Moosulmans of India. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co.
Id DLP.Evidence.865
Type Ethnography
Game Mogul Putt'han
Date 1832-01-01 - 1832-12-31
Rules Played with sixteen men; played with some rules of draughts.
Content "Mogol Putt'han—played like the game of draughts on a diagram sketched on the ground, or on a board or paper, using sixteen cowries or gravel, pebbles, &c. on each side for men." Herklots 1832: lix.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Source Herklots, G. 1832. Qanoon-e-Islam, or the Customs of the Moosulmans of India. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co.
Id DLP.Evidence.1396
Type Contemporary rule description
Game Rumi Shatranj
Date 1796-01-01 - 1798-12-31
Rules 8x8 board. The pieces move as follows, with the number per player: King (x1): moves one space orthogonally or diagonally; Counselor (x1): One square diagonally, but may move two spaces forward orthogonally on the first move, jumping over the SOldier in front of it on the first move of the game; Rook (x2): Any number of spaces orthogonally; Elephant (x2): Two squares diagonally, jumping over the first, cannot capture another Elephant; Horse (x2): Moves as a chess knight. Soldier (x8): Moves one space forward orthogonally; one space forward diagonally to capture. The Soldier in front of the Counselor may jump to the space in front of the Counselor when it has used its special move on the first turn, this must be done as the second move of the game, i.e. on the next turn after the Counselor had made its special move. No en passant. Soldiers promote to Counselor when reaching the eighth rank. No castling. Stalemate results in a win for player causing it. The player who checkmates the king wins.
Content "The eaarliest description of the Rumi chess that I have found is contained in a brief note whichhad been pasted in the cover of the Persian MS 'Oxf.' by a former owner, Rev. George Keene, in 1810. The first ma'raka or arena of this MS contains 99 problems, which are of the Rumi chess. MS. Bodleian Library Pers. e.10. A modern Persian MS...with the title Sardarnama, by Shir Muhammad-khan (takhallus Imam), who wrote it, 1211-2/1796/8 for a great lover of chess-playing, Husainaddin-khan Bahadur, who was in the service of the Nizam of Dakhan (Deccan), Nizam 'Ali-khan Bahadur Nizam-al-mulk Asafjah II (1175/1762-1217/1802)." Murray 1913: 181, 362.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Nobility
Genders Male
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.1701
Type Ethnography
Game Mudrunggum
Date 1832-01-01 - 1832-12-31
Rules 5x5 intersecting lines, with diagonals drawn in the four quadrants of the board. Two triangles, their apices intersecting the main board at opposite midpoints. The base of the triangle is bisected by a line drawn from the apex, and this line is bisected and intersects with the other two sides of the triangle. One player plays as four tigers, the other as sixteen sheep.
Content "Mudrunggun-like mogol putthan (four tigers and sixteen sheep)." Herklots 1832: liii.
Confidence 100
Source Herklots, G. 1832. Qanoon-e-Islam, or the Customs of the Moosulmans of India. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co.
Id DLP.Evidence.1702
Type Ethnography
Game Bagh Bukree
Date 1832-01-01 - 1832-12-31
Rules 5x5 intersecting lines, with diagonals drawn in the four quadrants of the board. Two triangles, their apices intersecting the main board at opposite midpoints. The base of the triangle is bisected by a line drawn from the apex, and this line is bisected and intersects with the other two sides of the triangle. One player plays as three tigers, the other as thirteen sheep.
Content "Bagh-bukree lit. Tiger and Sheep; Second var. 3 baghs (tigers), and 13 bukrees (sheep)." Herklots 1832: liv.
Confidence 100
Ages Child
Source Herklots, G. 1832. Qanoon-e-Islam, or the Customs of the Moosulmans of India. London: Parbury, Allen, and Co.
Id DLP.Evidence.1823
Type Ethnography
Game Thaayam
Date 1956-01-01 - 1956-12-31
Rules 5x5 board, marked with an X in the central square and the midpoints of the outer circuit of spaces. Four players. Four pieces per player. Four seeds, with one white side and one dark side, used as dice. The values of the throws are equal to the number of white sides up, except when no white sides are up the throw equals 8. Throws of 1, 4, and 8 grant the player another throw. Players make all of the throws in their turn first, and then move a the values of the throws individually. A player cannot subdivide the value of a single throw between pieces, but may move more than one piece in a turn if they have multiple throws, moving a piece the value of an entire throw. Pieces may only enter the board with a throw of 1. When beginning, throws made before a throw of 1 do not count and cannot be played. Pieces enter on the marked square on the outer track of the square in front of the player. Pieces move anticlockwise around the outer squares of the board until they reach the square just before the square from which they started, then moving to the inner track and moving clockwise, and then onto the central square. Multiple pieces may occupy the same square. If a player's piece lands on a spot occupied by an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is removed from the board and must be entered again. If the opponent has multiple pieces on this spot, they all are sent to the beginning. Sending an opponent's piece off the board grants the player another throw. Pieces on marked squares cannot be sent off the board. If a player has two pieces on the marked square on the opposite side of the board from the one in which they begin, the player may declare these as a twin which then play as one piece. Twins move half the value of a throw, rounding down. Twins may only be sent off the board by another twin. Twins may not send back to start a single piece belonging to an opponent. When sent off the board, the twins enter the board again as single pieces. When the twin reaches the central space, it becomes two single pieces again. When all of a player's pieces are in the central square, they may begin bearing them off. A throw of 1 is required to bear a piece off. The player who bears off all their pieces first wins.
Content Detailed description of Thaayam provided by Bell as described to him by Dr. M. Thillai-nayagam in 156. Bell 1979: 20.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Bell, R.C. 1979. Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. New York: Dover.
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