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Evidence in 17 Cent Qing
4 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.1441
Type Ethnography
Game Tsun K'i
Date 1694-01-01 - 1694-12-31
Rules 2x8 board, with rectangular spaces. Sixteen pieces per player, eight each placed on the two rectangles to each player's left. Each player moves their pieces in an anti-clockwise direction. Two six-sided dice. When a player rolls two 1s, they lose a piece. When a player rolls doubles of another number, the player may move two pieces the full total of the roll, or one piece only moves half the total roll. When consecutive numbers are rolled, the player may move one piece the total of the two dice and the second piece the value of the lower die, or may move one piece the total of the die and another piece the total of the dice minus 1. When the roll is two non-consecutive numbers, the player moves the values of the individual dice. The first player to move their pieces around the board and back to the starting position wins.
Content Description of rules, with drawing of board and pieces, for Tsun K'i (Çoan Kî) from Hyde 1696: 65-68.
Confidence 100
Source Hyde, T. 1694. De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii, hoc est Dicere, Trunculorum, cum quibuidam aliis Arabum, Persarum, Indorum, Chinensium, & aliarum Gentium Ludis tam Politicis quam Bellicis, plerumque Europae inauditis, multo minus visis: additis omnium Nominibus in dictarum Gentium Linguis. Ubi etiam Classicorum Graecorum & Latinorum loca quaedam melius quam hactenus factum est explicantur. Oxford: E Theatro Sheldoniano.
Id DLP.Evidence.2004
Type Ethnography
Game Xiangqi (Trigault)
Date 1611-01-01 - 1628-12-31
Rules 5x8 board. Five pawns, one king, two scholars, two horses, two cauldrons. The king begins on the central spot of one of the short rows of the board, flanked by two scholars, which are flanked by two horses. The cauldrons are in front of the horses, and the pawns are one square in front of all the pieces. The cauldron moves any number of spaces orthogonally. The scholars move as queens (either one space diagonally or any number of spaces diagonally or orthogonally). The king cannot be in check.
Content Hyde, quoting an account by Nicolas Trigault, a Jesuit missionary who traveled to China: "Graviores fallendo temporu et Ludicro etiam quaestui adhibent Latrunculos nostris non omnino absimiles. Regius enim Calculus nunquam egreditur 4 Cellulas suo loco viciniores, sed neque Literati duo Regis Assessores. Regina carent. Alios porro duos habent Calculos non parum ingeniosos, quos ipsi pulveris bellici Lebetes vocant; ii Equos duos praeunt, et Pedites subsequuntur, qui in his duabus Cellulis una Cellula praecedunt. Incedit hic Calculus eo ferme modo quo Turriti nostrates Elephants inimici tamen Exercitus Ductorem Reegem non petit, nisi inter ipsum et Regem qui petitur, alius sit Calculus vel proprius vel Collusoris. Hinc fit ut tribus modis ictum vitare pssit Rex appetitus: primum exigua (ut ita loquar) corporis declinatione, et honesta fuga in proximam Cellulam seu Stationem: deinde oppositu alterius Calculi: postremo si penitus nudet latus, tum jubeat facessere Militem suum a quo tegebatur." Includes a diagram with the starting position. Hyde 1694: 163-164.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Genders Male
Source Hyde, Thomas. 1694. Mandragorias, seu Historia shahiludii, De ludis Orientalium libri primi pars prima, quæ est Latina.
Id DLP.Evidence.2006
Type Contemporary rule description
Game Che Lo
Date 1694-01-01 - 1694-12-31
Rules 3x3 intersecting lines, with diagonals. Three pieces per player, which begin on opposite sides of the board.
Content Account from Hyde: Hicce Ludus Chinensis in hoc minore Diagrammate est prorius idem qui aliquando hac forma simpliciore in plerisque Europae partibubexerceri solet; cujus itaque Europaea Nomina adjiciuntur. est autem alia forma Chinensibus dicta Che-lo, ie.e. Loca sex..." With a diagram showing the board and starting positions, with three white pieces on the opposite side of the three black pieces. Hyde 1694: 211.
Confidence 100
Source Hyde, T. 1694. De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii, hoc est Dicere, Trunculorum, cum quibuidam aliis Arabum, Persarum, Indorum, Chinensium, & aliarum Gentium Ludis tam Politicis quam Bellicis, plerumque Europae inauditis, multo minus visis: additis omnium Nominibus in dictarum Gentium Linguis. Ubi etiam Classicorum Graecorum & Latinorum loca quaedam melius quam hactenus factum est explicantur. Oxford: E Theatro Sheldoniano.
Id DLP.Evidence.2132
Type Ethnography
Game Shing Quon Tu
Date 1694-01-01 - 1694-12-31
Rules 98 spaces on the board. Six six-sided dice. One piece per player. Pieces are initially placed on the board based on the values of the throws of the dice, as follows:
Space one: two 1s;
Space 2: two 2s;
Space 3: two 4s;
Space 5: two 5s;
Space 6: two 6s;
Space 7: five of any number;
Space 8: six of any number;
Space 9: three 1s;
Space 10; three 2s;
Space 11; three 3s;
Space 12; three 4s;
Space 13; three 5s;
Space 14; three 6s;
Space 16; four 1s;
Space 17; four 2s;
Space 18; four 3s;
Space 19; four 4s;
Space 20: four 5s;
Space 21: four 6s.
From here, the players move to prescribed spaces based on the throw they make, based on the instructions for the space they are currently on. Most spaces require a throw of double 4 to move. Throws noted below are those for double 4, unless otherwise noted.
1, 2, and 3: to 37; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 76;
4, 5, and 6: to 38;
7: to 73;
8: to 72; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 60;
9: to 52; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 23;
10: to 51;
11: to 50;
12: to 49;
13: to 48;
14: to 47;
15: to 55; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 53.
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21: to 23; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 22;
22: to 23;
23: to 24;
24: to 25;
25: to 26;
26: to 27;
27: to 56; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 25;
28 and 29: return to the previously occupied space;
30: to 32; double 1 moves to 29.
31: to 32, double 1 moves to 29.
32: to 33, double 1 moves to 29;
33: to 34; double 1 moves to 29;
34: to 35; double 1 moves to 29;
35: to 67; double 1 moves to 29;
36: to 66;
37: to 38; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 moves to 36;
38: to 39;
39: to 40;
40: to 41;
41: to 42; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 30;
42: to 43; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 31;
43: to 44;
44: to 45;
45: to 46;
46: to 89;
47: to 59; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 54;
48: to 74; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 65;
49: to 71; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 54;
50: to 47;
51: to 50;
52: to 51;
53: to 54;
54: to 55; double 1 moves to 28;
55: to 56; double 1 moves to 28;
56: to 57; double 1 moves to 28;
57: to 58; double 1 moves to 28;
58: to 59; double 1 moves to 28;
59: to 71; double 1 moves to 28;
60: to 62;
61: to 47;
62: to 61;
63: to 65;
64: to 69;
65: to 64;
66: to 60;
67: to 70;
68: to 86, double 1 moves to 29;
69: to 84; double 2, 3, 5, or 6 move to 88;
70: to 68;
71: to 74;
72: to 90;
73: to 92;
74: to 75;
75: to 93;
76: to 77;
77: to 78;
78: to 79;
79: to 80;
80: to 81;
81: to 31;
82: to 91;
83: to 82;
84: to 83;
85: to 84;
86: to 85;
87: to 86;
88: to 87;
89: to 91;
90: to 92;
91: to 93;
92: to 94;
93: to 94;
94: to 97;
95: to 98;
96: to 95.
The player who throws a double four while in space 97 or 98 first moves to the palace and wins.
Content Detailed description of Shing Kun T'o as given to Hyde by the Jesuit Shen Fuzong. Hyde 1694: 70-101.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Hyde, T. 1694. De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo: Historia Nerdiludii, hoc est Dicere, Trunculorum, cum quibuidam aliis Arabum, Persarum, Indorum, Chinensium, & aliarum Gentium Ludis tam Politicis quam Bellicis, plerumque Europae inauditis, multo minus visis: additis omnium Nominibus in dictarum Gentium Linguis. Ubi etiam Classicorum Graecorum & Latinorum loca quaedam melius quam hactenus factum est explicantur. Oxford: E Theatro Sheldoniano.
, Lo, A. 2004. "Official Aspirations: Chinese Promotion Games." In C. Mackenzie and I. Finkel (eds.), Asian Games: The Art of Contest. New York: Asia Society, 65-75.
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