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Evidence for Shakhmaty
2 pieces of evidence found.
Id DLP.Evidence.1994
Type Contemporary rule description
Location 59°55'53.63"N, 30°19'46.62"E
Date 1854-01-01 - 1854-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Castling, En Passant, and Pawn promotion allowed. Play begins by each player moving two of their pieces in the same turn, provided that neither enter the opponent's half of the board. An opponent's piece is captured by moving a player's own piece onto a space occupied by the opponent's piece. When a King can be captured on the next turn by an opponent's piece, it is in check. The King must not be in check at the end of the player's turn. If this is not possible, it is checkmate and the opponent wins.
Content Discussion of St Petersburg rules for Shakhmaty, as played in Russia: "The earlier rules of the St Petersburg Chess Club, which were printed in 1854, point to other variations in practice, since it was found necessary to legislate on such points as castling, taking in passing, paw-promotion, and stalemate. It is still usual outside the chess clubs to commence the game by the moving of two or more men in the first turn of play of each player. The prevalence of this custom is shown by the fact that the St Petersburg rules recognizes it as allowable with the consent of both players. The condition is imposed that in this initial play neither player may move a man into the opponent's half of the board." Murray 1913: 385.
Confidence 100
Source Murray, H. J. R. 1913. A History of Chess. London: Oxford University Press.
Id DLP.Evidence.2400
Type Contemporary text
Location 59°55'53.63"N, 30°19'46.62"E
Date 1821-01-01 - 1821-12-31
Rules Played on an 8x8 board with pieces with specialized moves: Pawns (8): can move one space orthogonally forward, or two steps orthogonally forward on their first move, capture one space diagonally forward; Rooks (2): can move any number of spaces orthogonally; Bishops (2): can move any number of spaces diagonally; Knight (2): moves in any direction, one space orthogonally with one space forward diagonally; Queens (1): can move any number of spaces orthogonally or diagonally; Kings (1): can move one space orthogonally or diagonally. Castling, En Passant, and Pawn promotion allowed. Play begins by each player moving two of their pieces in the same turn, provided that neither enter the opponent's half of the board. An opponent's piece is captured by moving a player's own piece onto a space occupied by the opponent's piece. When a King can be captured on the next turn by an opponent's piece, it is in check. The King must not be in check at the end of the player's turn. If this is not possible, it is checkmate and the opponent wins.
Content Ivan Butrimov's 1821 treatise On the Chess Game. Linder 1979: 165-166.
Confidence 100
Ages Adult
Social status Elite
Genders Male
Source Butrimov, I. 1821. O shakhmatnoi igrie. St Petersburg: Pechatano v Senatskoĭ tipografīi, Linder, I. 1979. Chess in Old Russia. Moscow: Nauka.
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